Initial commit

.commit_template

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------
+# Write your commit message above this line.
+#
+# The first line should be a quick description of what you changed.
+# Then leave a blank line. 
+# Then write a few sentences reflecting on one moment from your last
+# work session. What were you feeling? If you solved a problem, 
+# what strategy helped you?
+

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.pyc

geometry/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from caseconverter import snakecase
+
+class GeometryObject:
+    """A base class for geometry objects.
+    This base class provides some consistent behavior for all geometry objects.
+
+    Note: This class uses some advanced techniques which you aren't expected to
+    understand. If you're interested, by all means keep reading, and ask a teacher
+    if you have questions. 
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, value):
+        """Overrides default constructor to support construction from other objects.
+        When value is an instance of CustomClass, checks cls for a `from_custom_class` 
+        method which will be called to produce a new instance. 
+        """
+        method_name = value.__class__.__name__
+
+

geometry/drawing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from turtle import *
+from superturtle.movement import fly
+
+def centered_circle(radius):
+    """Draws a circle, centered on the turtle's current position.
+    The built-in circle function annoyingly draws a circle whose center
+    is one radius left of the turtle.
+    """
+    right(90)
+    penup()
+    forward(radius)
+    pendown()
+    left(90)
+    circle(radius)
+    left(90)
+    penup()
+    forward(radius)
+    pendown()
+    right(90)
+
+def write_label(point, label, align=None, font=None):
+    fly(point.x, point.y)
+    write(label, align=align, font=font)
+
+def line_end_arrow():
+    "Draws an arrow"
+    left(20)
+    back(20)
+    forward(20)
+    right(40)
+    back(20)
+    forward(20)
+    left(20)
+

geometry/point.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from geometry.validation import is_coordinates, expect_type
+from geometry.drawing import centered_circle, write_label
+from superturtle.movement import fly
+from turtle import begin_fill, end_fill, fillcolor
+
+class Point:
+    """A Point is a location in 2D space, identified by its
+    x and y coordinates. A Point can be initialized in multiple ways:
+
+    - With no value: The Point will be the origin (0, 0).
+    - With an ordered pair of numbers: The Point will have those coordinates.
+    - With a Vector: The Point will have the Vector's x and y coordinates.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, value=None):
+        from geometry.vector import Vector
+        if value is None:
+            self.x, self.y = (0, 0)
+        elif is_coordinates(value):
+            self.x, self.y = value
+        elif isinstance(value, Vector):
+            self.x, self.y = value.x, value.y
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Can't create a Point from {value}.")
+
+    def draw(self, label=None):
+        fly(self.x, self.y)
+        fillcolor("black")
+        begin_fill()
+        centered_circle(2)
+        end_fill()
+        if label:
+            write_label(self, label)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"({self.x}, {self.y})"
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"Point(({self.x}, {self.y}))"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Implements equality checking with a == b.
+        Two Points are equal if their coordinates are the same.
+        A Point can only be equal to another Point.
+        """
+        try:
+            expect_type(other, Point)
+            return (self.x, self.y) == (other.x, other.y)
+        except TypeError:
+            return False
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        """Implements addition with a + b. Other can be:
+        - a Vector: interpreted as moving the point in the direction of the Vector, 
+          returning a new Point.
+        """
+        from geometry.vector import Vector
+        expect_type(other, Vector)
+        return Point((self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y))
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        """Implements subtraction with a - b. Other can be:
+        - a Point: interpreted as "what's needed to get from here to there,
+          returning a Vector.
+        - a Vector:interpreted as moving the point in the (negative) direction 
+          of the vector and returns a Point.
+        """
+        from geometry.vector import Vector
+        expect_type(other, (Point, Vector))
+        if isinstance(other, Point):
+            return Vector((self.x - other.x, self.y - other.y))
+        elif isinstance(other, Vector):
+            return Point((self.x - other.x, self.y - other.y))

geometry/validation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#
+#
+#
+
+def is_numeric(value):
+    "Checks whether value is an integer or a float (decimal number)."
+    return isinstance(value, int) or isinstance(value, float)
+
+def is_coordinates(value):
+    "Checks whether value is a tuple of two numeric values."
+    try:
+        x, y = value
+        return is_numeric(x) and is_numeric(y)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+
+def has_method(obj, method_name):
+    "Checks whether the object has a method called `method_name`."
+    attr = getattr(obj, method_name, None)
+    return callable(attr)
+
+def expect_type(obj, expected_type):
+    """Checks whether obj is of the expected type. 
+    If multiple types are provided, checks whether obj is one of the types.
+    """
+    try:
+        if not any(isinstance(obj, t) for t in expected_type):
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected {obj} to be one of the following types: {expected_type}")
+    except TypeError:
+        if not isinstance(obj, expected_type):
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected {obj} to be a {expected_type}")

geometry/vector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from geometry.point import Point
+from geometry.validation import is_coordinates, expect_type
+from geometry.drawing import line_end_arrow
+from math import sqrt, atan
+from superturtle.movement import fly
+from turtle import setheading, forward
+
+class Vector:
+    """A Vector represents movement in 2D space. Like a Point, a
+    Vector is defined by x and y coordinates. However, Points and Vectors
+    are different. Here are a few things you can do with Vectors which it doesn't 
+    make sense to do with Points:
+    - Multiply them by a number (multiplying a vector by 2 means twice the movement)
+    - Negate them (-v means moving in the opposite direction of v)
+    - Find their length
+
+    A Vector can be initialized in multiple ways:
+
+    - With no value: Represents no motion at all: (0, 0).
+    - With an ordered pair of numbers: The Vector will have those coordinates.
+    - With a Point: The Vector will have the Point's x and y coordinates.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, value=None):
+        if value is None:
+            self.x, self.y = (0, 0)
+        elif is_coordinates(value):
+            self.x, self.y = value
+        elif isinstance(value, Point):
+            self.x, self.y = value.x, value.y
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Can't create a Vector from {value}.")
+
+    def draw(self, origin=None):
+        "Draws the vector."
+        origin = origin or Point()
+        expect_type(origin, Point)
+        fly(origin.x, origin.y)
+        θ = atan(self.y / self.x)
+        setheading(θ)
+        forward(self.mag())
+        line_end_arrow()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"〈{self.x}, {self.y}〉"
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"Vector(({self.x}, {self.y}))"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Implements equality checking with a == b.
+        Two Vectors are equal if their coordinates are the same.
+        A Vector can only be equal to another Vector.
+        """
+        try:
+            expect_type(other, Vector)
+            return (self.x, self.y) == (other.x, other.y)
+        except TypeError:
+            return False
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        """Implements negation with -a.
+        """
+        return Vector((-self.x, -self.y))
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        """Implements addition with a + b. Other can be:
+        - a Vector: interpreted as combining the movement of self and other, 
+          returning a new Vector.
+        - a Point: interpreted as moving the point in the direction of the Vector,
+          returning a new Point.
+        """
+        expect_type(other, (Point, Vector))
+        if isinstance(other, Vector):
+            return Vector((self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y))
+        elif isinstance(other, Point):
+            return Point((self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y))
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        """Implements subtraction with a - b. Other must be a Vector,
+        interpreted as subtraction the movement of other from self and
+        returning a new Vector.
+        """
+        expect_type(other, Vector)
+        return Vector((self.x - other.x, self.y - other.y))
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        """Implements multiplication with a * 2, interpreted as scaling the
+        vector by other. Other must be numeric.
+        """
+        expect_type(other, (int, float))
+        return Vector((self.x * other, self.y * other))
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        """Implements multiplication with 2 * a. 
+        """
+        return self * other
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other):
+        """Implements division with a / b, interpreted as dividing the
+        vector by other. Other must be numeric.
+        """
+        expect_type(other, (int, float))
+        if other == 0:
+            raise ZeroDivisionError("Can't divide a Vector by zero.")
+        return Vector((self.x / other, self.y / other))
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        """Implements truthiness--whether an instance of Vector is treated as
+        True or False. Any Vector other than the zero vector is True.
+        """
+        return self.mag() != 0
+
+    def mag(self):
+        """Returns the magnitude (length) of the vector, using the Pythagorean formula.
+        """
+        return sqrt(self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y)
+
+    def scale(self, mag):
+        """Returns a Vector pointing in the same direction with the given magnitude.
+        """
+        expect_type(mag, (int, float))
+        if self.mag() > 0:
+            return self * (mag / self.mag())
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Can't scale the zero vector.")
+
+    def normalize(self):
+        """Returns a Vector pointing in the same direction with a magnitude of 1.
+        """
+        return self.scale(1)
+
+    def dot(self, other):
+        """Computes the dot product of this vector with another. 
+        """
+        expect_type(other, Vector)
+        return self.x * other.x + self.y * other.y
+
+    def project(self, other):
+        """Projects this vector onto another.
+        """
+        return other.scale(self.dot(other.normalize()))

poetry.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,593 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 2.1.3 and should not be changed by hand.
+
+[[package]]
+name = "alabaster"
+version = "0.7.16"
+description = "A light, configurable Sphinx theme"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "alabaster-0.7.16-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b46733c07dce03ae4e150330b975c75737fa60f0a7c591b6c8bf4928a28e2c92"},
+    {file = "alabaster-0.7.16.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:75a8b99c28a5dad50dd7f8ccdd447a121ddb3892da9e53d1ca5cca3106d58d65"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "babel"
+version = "2.17.0"
+description = "Internationalization utilities"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "babel-2.17.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4d0b53093fdfb4b21c92b5213dba5a1b23885afa8383709427046b21c366e5f2"},
+    {file = "babel-2.17.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0c54cffb19f690cdcc52a3b50bcbf71e07a808d1c80d549f2459b9d2cf0afb9d"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["backports.zoneinfo ; python_version < \"3.9\"", "freezegun (>=1.0,<2.0)", "jinja2 (>=3.0)", "pytest (>=6.0)", "pytest-cov", "pytz", "setuptools", "tzdata ; sys_platform == \"win32\""]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "certifi"
+version = "2025.6.15"
+description = "Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "certifi-2025.6.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2e0c7ce7cb5d8f8634ca55d2ba7e6ec2689a2fd6537d8dec1296a477a4910057"},
+    {file = "certifi-2025.6.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d747aa5a8b9bbbb1bb8c22bb13e22bd1f18e9796defa16bab421f7f7a317323b"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "charset-normalizer"
+version = "3.4.2"
+description = "The Real First Universal Charset Detector. Open, modern and actively maintained alternative to Chardet."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:7c48ed483eb946e6c04ccbe02c6b4d1d48e51944b6db70f697e089c193404941"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:b2d318c11350e10662026ad0eb71bb51c7812fc8590825304ae0bdd4ac283acd"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:9cbfacf36cb0ec2897ce0ebc5d08ca44213af24265bd56eca54bee7923c48fd6"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:18dd2e350387c87dabe711b86f83c9c78af772c748904d372ade190b5c7c9d4d"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:8075c35cd58273fee266c58c0c9b670947c19df5fb98e7b66710e04ad4e9ff86"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:5bf4545e3b962767e5c06fe1738f951f77d27967cb2caa64c28be7c4563e162c"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:7a6ab32f7210554a96cd9e33abe3ddd86732beeafc7a28e9955cdf22ffadbab0"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:b33de11b92e9f75a2b545d6e9b6f37e398d86c3e9e9653c4864eb7e89c5773ef"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:8755483f3c00d6c9a77f490c17e6ab0c8729e39e6390328e42521ef175380ae6"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:68a328e5f55ec37c57f19ebb1fdc56a248db2e3e9ad769919a58672958e8f366"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:21b2899062867b0e1fde9b724f8aecb1af14f2778d69aacd1a5a1853a597a5db"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:e8082b26888e2f8b36a042a58307d5b917ef2b1cacab921ad3323ef91901c71a"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:f69a27e45c43520f5487f27627059b64aaf160415589230992cec34c5e18a509"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:be1e352acbe3c78727a16a455126d9ff83ea2dfdcbc83148d2982305a04714c2"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:aa88ca0b1932e93f2d961bf3addbb2db902198dca337d88c89e1559e066e7645"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:d524ba3f1581b35c03cb42beebab4a13e6cdad7b36246bd22541fa585a56cccd"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:28a1005facc94196e1fb3e82a3d442a9d9110b8434fc1ded7a24a2983c9888d8"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:fdb20a30fe1175ecabed17cbf7812f7b804b8a315a25f24678bcdf120a90077f"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:0f5d9ed7f254402c9e7d35d2f5972c9bbea9040e99cd2861bd77dc68263277c7"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:efd387a49825780ff861998cd959767800d54f8308936b21025326de4b5a42b9"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:f0aa37f3c979cf2546b73e8222bbfa3dc07a641585340179d768068e3455e544"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:e70e990b2137b29dc5564715de1e12701815dacc1d056308e2b17e9095372a82"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:0c8c57f84ccfc871a48a47321cfa49ae1df56cd1d965a09abe84066f6853b9c0"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:6b66f92b17849b85cad91259efc341dce9c1af48e2173bf38a85c6329f1033e5"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:daac4765328a919a805fa5e2720f3e94767abd632ae410a9062dff5412bae65a"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:e53efc7c7cee4c1e70661e2e112ca46a575f90ed9ae3fef200f2a25e954f4b28"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_13_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:0c29de6a1a95f24b9a1aa7aefd27d2487263f00dfd55a77719b530788f75cff7"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:cddf7bd982eaa998934a91f69d182aec997c6c468898efe6679af88283b498d3"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:fcbe676a55d7445b22c10967bceaaf0ee69407fbe0ece4d032b6eb8d4565982a"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:d41c4d287cfc69060fa91cae9683eacffad989f1a10811995fa309df656ec214"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:4e594135de17ab3866138f496755f302b72157d115086d100c3f19370839dd3a"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:cf713fe9a71ef6fd5adf7a79670135081cd4431c2943864757f0fa3a65b1fafd"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:a370b3e078e418187da8c3674eddb9d983ec09445c99a3a263c2011993522981"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:a955b438e62efdf7e0b7b52a64dc5c3396e2634baa62471768a64bc2adb73d5c"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:7222ffd5e4de8e57e03ce2cef95a4c43c98fcb72ad86909abdfc2c17d227fc1b"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:bee093bf902e1d8fc0ac143c88902c3dfc8941f7ea1d6a8dd2bcb786d33db03d"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:dedb8adb91d11846ee08bec4c8236c8549ac721c245678282dcb06b221aab59f"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:db4c7bf0e07fc3b7d89ac2a5880a6a8062056801b83ff56d8464b70f65482b6c"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:5a9979887252a82fefd3d3ed2a8e3b937a7a809f65dcb1e068b090e165bbe99e"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_13_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:926ca93accd5d36ccdabd803392ddc3e03e6d4cd1cf17deff3b989ab8e9dbcf0"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:eba9904b0f38a143592d9fc0e19e2df0fa2e41c3c3745554761c5f6447eedabf"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:3fddb7e2c84ac87ac3a947cb4e66d143ca5863ef48e4a5ecb83bd48619e4634e"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:98f862da73774290f251b9df8d11161b6cf25b599a66baf087c1ffe340e9bfd1"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:6c9379d65defcab82d07b2a9dfbfc2e95bc8fe0ebb1b176a3190230a3ef0e07c"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:e635b87f01ebc977342e2697d05b56632f5f879a4f15955dfe8cef2448b51691"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:1c95a1e2902a8b722868587c0e1184ad5c55631de5afc0eb96bc4b0d738092c0"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:ef8de666d6179b009dce7bcb2ad4c4a779f113f12caf8dc77f0162c29d20490b"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:32fc0341d72e0f73f80acb0a2c94216bd704f4f0bce10aedea38f30502b271ff"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:289200a18fa698949d2b39c671c2cc7a24d44096784e76614899a7ccf2574b7b"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:4a476b06fbcf359ad25d34a057b7219281286ae2477cc5ff5e3f70a246971148"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:aaeeb6a479c7667fbe1099af9617c83aaca22182d6cf8c53966491a0f1b7ffb7"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:aa6af9e7d59f9c12b33ae4e9450619cf2488e2bbe9b44030905877f0b2324980"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:1cad5f45b3146325bb38d6855642f6fd609c3f7cad4dbaf75549bf3b904d3184"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:b2680962a4848b3c4f155dc2ee64505a9c57186d0d56b43123b17ca3de18f0fa"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:36b31da18b8890a76ec181c3cf44326bf2c48e36d393ca1b72b3f484113ea344"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:f4074c5a429281bf056ddd4c5d3b740ebca4d43ffffe2ef4bf4d2d05114299da"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:c9e36a97bee9b86ef9a1cf7bb96747eb7a15c2f22bdb5b516434b00f2a599f02"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:1b1bde144d98e446b056ef98e59c256e9294f6b74d7af6846bf5ffdafd687a7d"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:915f3849a011c1f593ab99092f3cecfcb4d65d8feb4a64cf1bf2d22074dc0ec4"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:fb707f3e15060adf5b7ada797624a6c6e0138e2a26baa089df64c68ee98e040f"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:25a23ea5c7edc53e0f29bae2c44fcb5a1aa10591aae107f2a2b2583a9c5cbc64"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:770cab594ecf99ae64c236bc9ee3439c3f46be49796e265ce0cc8bc17b10294f"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:6a0289e4589e8bdfef02a80478f1dfcb14f0ab696b5a00e1f4b8a14a307a3c58"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:6fc1f5b51fa4cecaa18f2bd7a003f3dd039dd615cd69a2afd6d3b19aed6775f2"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:76af085e67e56c8816c3ccf256ebd136def2ed9654525348cfa744b6802b69eb"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:e45ba65510e2647721e35323d6ef54c7974959f6081b58d4ef5d87c60c84919a"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:046595208aae0120559a67693ecc65dd75d46f7bf687f159127046628178dc45"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:75d10d37a47afee94919c4fab4c22b9bc2a8bf7d4f46f87363bcf0573f3ff4f5"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:6333b3aa5a12c26b2a4d4e7335a28f1475e0e5e17d69d55141ee3cab736f66d1"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:e8323a9b031aa0393768b87f04b4164a40037fb2a3c11ac06a03ffecd3618027"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:24498ba8ed6c2e0b56d4acbf83f2d989720a93b41d712ebd4f4979660db4417b"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:844da2b5728b5ce0e32d863af26f32b5ce61bc4273a9c720a9f3aa9df73b1455"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:65c981bdbd3f57670af8b59777cbfae75364b483fa8a9f420f08094531d54a01"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:3c21d4fca343c805a52c0c78edc01e3477f6dd1ad7c47653241cf2a206d4fc58"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:dc7039885fa1baf9be153a0626e337aa7ec8bf96b0128605fb0d77788ddc1681"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:8272b73e1c5603666618805fe821edba66892e2870058c94c53147602eab29c7"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:70f7172939fdf8790425ba31915bfbe8335030f05b9913d7ae00a87d4395620a"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:005fa3432484527f9732ebd315da8da8001593e2cf46a3d817669f062c3d9ed4"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:e92fca20c46e9f5e1bb485887d074918b13543b1c2a1185e69bb8d17ab6236a7"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:50bf98d5e563b83cc29471fa114366e6806bc06bc7a25fd59641e41445327836"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:721c76e84fe669be19c5791da68232ca2e05ba5185575086e384352e2c309597"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:82d8fd25b7f4675d0c47cf95b594d4e7b158aca33b76aa63d07186e13c0e0ab7"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:b3daeac64d5b371dea99714f08ffc2c208522ec6b06fbc7866a450dd446f5c0f"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:dccab8d5fa1ef9bfba0590ecf4d46df048d18ffe3eec01eeb73a42e0d9e7a8ba"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:aaf27faa992bfee0264dc1f03f4c75e9fcdda66a519db6b957a3f826e285cf12"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:eb30abc20df9ab0814b5a2524f23d75dcf83cde762c161917a2b4b7b55b1e518"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:c72fbbe68c6f32f251bdc08b8611c7b3060612236e960ef848e0a517ddbe76c5"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:982bb1e8b4ffda883b3d0a521e23abcd6fd17418f6d2c4118d257a10199c0ce3"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:43e0933a0eff183ee85833f341ec567c0980dae57c464d8a508e1b2ceb336471"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:d11b54acf878eef558599658b0ffca78138c8c3655cf4f3a4a673c437e67732e"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7f56930ab0abd1c45cd15be65cc741c28b1c9a34876ce8c17a2fa107810c0af0"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5baececa9ecba31eff645232d59845c07aa030f0c81ee70184a90d35099a0e63"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "colorama"
+version = "0.4.6"
+description = "Cross-platform colored terminal text."
+optional = false
+python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,!=3.5.*,!=3.6.*,>=2.7"
+groups = ["docs"]
+markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""
+files = [
+    {file = "colorama-0.4.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4f1d9991f5acc0ca119f9d443620b77f9d6b33703e51011c16baf57afb285fc6"},
+    {file = "colorama-0.4.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:08695f5cb7ed6e0531a20572697297273c47b8cae5a63ffc6d6ed5c201be6e44"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "docutils"
+version = "0.20.1"
+description = "Docutils -- Python Documentation Utilities"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "docutils-0.20.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:96f387a2c5562db4476f09f13bbab2192e764cac08ebbf3a34a95d9b1e4a59d6"},
+    {file = "docutils-0.20.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f08a4e276c3a1583a86dce3e34aba3fe04d02bba2dd51ed16106244e8a923e3b"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "idna"
+version = "3.10"
+description = "Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:946d195a0d259cbba61165e88e65941f16e9b36ea6ddb97f00452bae8b1287d3"},
+    {file = "idna-3.10.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:12f65c9b470abda6dc35cf8e63cc574b1c52b11df2c86030af0ac09b01b13ea9"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+all = ["flake8 (>=7.1.1)", "mypy (>=1.11.2)", "pytest (>=8.3.2)", "ruff (>=0.6.2)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "imagesize"
+version = "1.4.1"
+description = "Getting image size from png/jpeg/jpeg2000/gif file"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "imagesize-1.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0d8d18d08f840c19d0ee7ca1fd82490fdc3729b7ac93f49870406ddde8ef8d8b"},
+    {file = "imagesize-1.4.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:69150444affb9cb0d5cc5a92b3676f0b2fb7cd9ae39e947a5e11a36b4497cd4a"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jinja2"
+version = "3.1.6"
+description = "A very fast and expressive template engine."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "jinja2-3.1.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:85ece4451f492d0c13c5dd7c13a64681a86afae63a5f347908daf103ce6d2f67"},
+    {file = "jinja2-3.1.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0137fb05990d35f1275a587e9aee6d56da821fc83491a0fb838183be43f66d6d"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+MarkupSafe = ">=2.0"
+
+[package.extras]
+i18n = ["Babel (>=2.7)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "markupsafe"
+version = "3.0.2"
+description = "Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:7e94c425039cde14257288fd61dcfb01963e658efbc0ff54f5306b06054700f8"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:9e2d922824181480953426608b81967de705c3cef4d1af983af849d7bd619158"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:38a9ef736c01fccdd6600705b09dc574584b89bea478200c5fbf112a6b0d5579"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:bbcb445fa71794da8f178f0f6d66789a28d7319071af7a496d4d507ed566270d"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:57cb5a3cf367aeb1d316576250f65edec5bb3be939e9247ae594b4bcbc317dfb"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:3809ede931876f5b2ec92eef964286840ed3540dadf803dd570c3b7e13141a3b"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:e07c3764494e3776c602c1e78e298937c3315ccc9043ead7e685b7f2b8d47b3c"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:b424c77b206d63d500bcb69fa55ed8d0e6a3774056bdc4839fc9298a7edca171"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:fcabf5ff6eea076f859677f5f0b6b5c1a51e70a376b0579e0eadef8db48c6b50"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:6af100e168aa82a50e186c82875a5893c5597a0c1ccdb0d8b40240b1f28b969a"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:9025b4018f3a1314059769c7bf15441064b2207cb3f065e6ea1e7359cb46db9d"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:93335ca3812df2f366e80509ae119189886b0f3c2b81325d39efdb84a1e2ae93"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:2cb8438c3cbb25e220c2ab33bb226559e7afb3baec11c4f218ffa7308603c832"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:a123e330ef0853c6e822384873bef7507557d8e4a082961e1defa947aa59ba84"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:1e084f686b92e5b83186b07e8a17fc09e38fff551f3602b249881fec658d3eca"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:d8213e09c917a951de9d09ecee036d5c7d36cb6cb7dbaece4c71a60d79fb9798"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:5b02fb34468b6aaa40dfc198d813a641e3a63b98c2b05a16b9f80b7ec314185e"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:0bff5e0ae4ef2e1ae4fdf2dfd5b76c75e5c2fa4132d05fc1b0dabcd20c7e28c4"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:6c89876f41da747c8d3677a2b540fb32ef5715f97b66eeb0c6b66f5e3ef6f59d"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:70a87b411535ccad5ef2f1df5136506a10775d267e197e4cf531ced10537bd6b"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_13_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:9778bd8ab0a994ebf6f84c2b949e65736d5575320a17ae8984a77fab08db94cf"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:846ade7b71e3536c4e56b386c2a47adf5741d2d8b94ec9dc3e92e5e1ee1e2225"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:1c99d261bd2d5f6b59325c92c73df481e05e57f19837bdca8413b9eac4bd8028"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:e17c96c14e19278594aa4841ec148115f9c7615a47382ecb6b82bd8fea3ab0c8"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:88416bd1e65dcea10bc7569faacb2c20ce071dd1f87539ca2ab364bf6231393c"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:2181e67807fc2fa785d0592dc2d6206c019b9502410671cc905d132a92866557"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:52305740fe773d09cffb16f8ed0427942901f00adedac82ec8b67752f58a1b22"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:ad10d3ded218f1039f11a75f8091880239651b52e9bb592ca27de44eed242a48"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:0f4ca02bea9a23221c0182836703cbf8930c5e9454bacce27e767509fa286a30"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:8e06879fc22a25ca47312fbe7c8264eb0b662f6db27cb2d3bbbc74b1df4b9b87"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_13_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:ba9527cdd4c926ed0760bc301f6728ef34d841f405abf9d4f959c478421e4efd"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:f8b3d067f2e40fe93e1ccdd6b2e1d16c43140e76f02fb1319a05cf2b79d99430"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:569511d3b58c8791ab4c2e1285575265991e6d8f8700c7be0e88f86cb0672094"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:15ab75ef81add55874e7ab7055e9c397312385bd9ced94920f2802310c930396"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:f3818cb119498c0678015754eba762e0d61e5b52d34c8b13d770f0719f7b1d79"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:cdb82a876c47801bb54a690c5ae105a46b392ac6099881cdfb9f6e95e4014c6a"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:cabc348d87e913db6ab4aa100f01b08f481097838bdddf7c7a84b7575b7309ca"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:444dcda765c8a838eaae23112db52f1efaf750daddb2d9ca300bcae1039adc5c"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:bcf3e58998965654fdaff38e58584d8937aa3096ab5354d493c77d1fdd66d7a1"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:e6a2a455bd412959b57a172ce6328d2dd1f01cb2135efda2e4576e8a23fa3b0f"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-macosx_10_13_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:b5a6b3ada725cea8a5e634536b1b01c30bcdcd7f9c6fff4151548d5bf6b3a36c"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:a904af0a6162c73e3edcb969eeeb53a63ceeb5d8cf642fade7d39e7963a22ddb"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:4aa4e5faecf353ed117801a068ebab7b7e09ffb6e1d5e412dc852e0da018126c"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:c0ef13eaeee5b615fb07c9a7dadb38eac06a0608b41570d8ade51c56539e509d"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:d16a81a06776313e817c951135cf7340a3e91e8c1ff2fac444cfd75fffa04afe"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:6381026f158fdb7c72a168278597a5e3a5222e83ea18f543112b2662a9b699c5"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:3d79d162e7be8f996986c064d1c7c817f6df3a77fe3d6859f6f9e7be4b8c213a"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:131a3c7689c85f5ad20f9f6fb1b866f402c445b220c19fe4308c0b147ccd2ad9"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:ba8062ed2cf21c07a9e295d5b8a2a5ce678b913b45fdf68c32d95d6c1291e0b6"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp313-cp313t-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:e444a31f8db13eb18ada366ab3cf45fd4b31e4db1236a4448f68778c1d1a5a2f"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:eaa0a10b7f72326f1372a713e73c3f739b524b3af41feb43e4921cb529f5929a"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:48032821bbdf20f5799ff537c7ac3d1fba0ba032cfc06194faffa8cda8b560ff"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:1a9d3f5f0901fdec14d8d2f66ef7d035f2157240a433441719ac9a3fba440b13"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:88b49a3b9ff31e19998750c38e030fc7bb937398b1f78cfa599aaef92d693144"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:cfad01eed2c2e0c01fd0ecd2ef42c492f7f93902e39a42fc9ee1692961443a29"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:1225beacc926f536dc82e45f8a4d68502949dc67eea90eab715dea3a21c1b5f0"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:3169b1eefae027567d1ce6ee7cae382c57fe26e82775f460f0b2778beaad66c0"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:eb7972a85c54febfb25b5c4b4f3af4dcc731994c7da0d8a0b4a6eb0640e1d178"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:8c4e8c3ce11e1f92f6536ff07154f9d49677ebaaafc32db9db4620bc11ed480f"},
+    {file = "MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:6e296a513ca3d94054c2c881cc913116e90fd030ad1c656b3869762b754f5f8a"},
+    {file = "markupsafe-3.0.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ee55d3edf80167e48ea11a923c7386f4669df67d7994554387f84e7d8b0a2bf0"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "packaging"
+version = "25.0"
+description = "Core utilities for Python packages"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "packaging-25.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:29572ef2b1f17581046b3a2227d5c611fb25ec70ca1ba8554b24b0e69331a484"},
+    {file = "packaging-25.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d443872c98d677bf60f6a1f2f8c1cb748e8fe762d2bf9d3148b5599295b0fc4f"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pygments"
+version = "2.19.2"
+description = "Pygments is a syntax highlighting package written in Python."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "pygments-2.19.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:86540386c03d588bb81d44bc3928634ff26449851e99741617ecb9037ee5ec0b"},
+    {file = "pygments-2.19.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:636cb2477cec7f8952536970bc533bc43743542f70392ae026374600add5b887"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+windows-terminal = ["colorama (>=0.4.6)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "requests"
+version = "2.32.4"
+description = "Python HTTP for Humans."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "requests-2.32.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:27babd3cda2a6d50b30443204ee89830707d396671944c998b5975b031ac2b2c"},
+    {file = "requests-2.32.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:27d0316682c8a29834d3264820024b62a36942083d52caf2f14c0591336d3422"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+certifi = ">=2017.4.17"
+charset_normalizer = ">=2,<4"
+idna = ">=2.5,<4"
+urllib3 = ">=1.21.1,<3"
+
+[package.extras]
+socks = ["PySocks (>=1.5.6,!=1.5.7)"]
+use-chardet-on-py3 = ["chardet (>=3.0.2,<6)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "snowballstemmer"
+version = "3.0.1"
+description = "This package provides 32 stemmers for 30 languages generated from Snowball algorithms."
+optional = false
+python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "snowballstemmer-3.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6cd7b3897da8d6c9ffb968a6781fa6532dce9c3618a4b127d920dab764a19064"},
+    {file = "snowballstemmer-3.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6d5eeeec8e9f84d4d56b847692bacf79bc2c8e90c7f80ca4444ff8b6f2e52895"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sphinx"
+version = "7.4.7"
+description = "Python documentation generator"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "sphinx-7.4.7-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c2419e2135d11f1951cd994d6eb18a1835bd8fdd8429f9ca375dc1f3281bd239"},
+    {file = "sphinx-7.4.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:242f92a7ea7e6c5b406fdc2615413890ba9f699114a9c09192d7dfead2ee9cfe"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+alabaster = ">=0.7.14,<0.8.0"
+babel = ">=2.13"
+colorama = {version = ">=0.4.6", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
+docutils = ">=0.20,<0.22"
+imagesize = ">=1.3"
+Jinja2 = ">=3.1"
+packaging = ">=23.0"
+Pygments = ">=2.17"
+requests = ">=2.30.0"
+snowballstemmer = ">=2.2"
+sphinxcontrib-applehelp = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-devhelp = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp = ">=2.0.0"
+sphinxcontrib-jsmath = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-qthelp = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml = ">=1.1.9"
+tomli = {version = ">=2", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["sphinxcontrib-websupport"]
+lint = ["flake8 (>=6.0)", "importlib-metadata (>=6.0)", "mypy (==1.10.1)", "pytest (>=6.0)", "ruff (==0.5.2)", "sphinx-lint (>=0.9)", "tomli (>=2)", "types-docutils (==0.21.0.20240711)", "types-requests (>=2.30.0)"]
+test = ["cython (>=3.0)", "defusedxml (>=0.7.1)", "pytest (>=8.0)", "setuptools (>=70.0)", "typing_extensions (>=4.9)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sphinx-rtd-theme"
+version = "2.0.0"
+description = "Read the Docs theme for Sphinx"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "sphinx_rtd_theme-2.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ec93d0856dc280cf3aee9a4c9807c60e027c7f7b461b77aeffed682e68f0e586"},
+    {file = "sphinx_rtd_theme-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bd5d7b80622406762073a04ef8fadc5f9151261563d47027de09910ce03afe6b"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+docutils = "<0.21"
+sphinx = ">=5,<8"
+sphinxcontrib-jquery = ">=4,<5"
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["bump2version", "sphinxcontrib-httpdomain", "transifex-client", "wheel"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sphinxcontrib-applehelp"
+version = "2.0.0"
+description = "sphinxcontrib-applehelp is a Sphinx extension which outputs Apple help books"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_applehelp-2.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4cd3f0ec4ac5dd9c17ec65e9ab272c9b867ea77425228e68ecf08d6b28ddbdb5"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_applehelp-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2f29ef331735ce958efa4734873f084941970894c6090408b079c61b2e1c06d1"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+lint = ["mypy", "ruff (==0.5.5)", "types-docutils"]
+standalone = ["Sphinx (>=5)"]
+test = ["pytest"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sphinxcontrib-devhelp"
+version = "2.0.0"
+description = "sphinxcontrib-devhelp is a sphinx extension which outputs Devhelp documents"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_devhelp-2.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:aefb8b83854e4b0998877524d1029fd3e6879210422ee3780459e28a1f03a8a2"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_devhelp-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:411f5d96d445d1d73bb5d52133377b4248ec79db5c793ce7dbe59e074b4dd1ad"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+lint = ["mypy", "ruff (==0.5.5)", "types-docutils"]
+standalone = ["Sphinx (>=5)"]
+test = ["pytest"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp"
+version = "2.1.0"
+description = "sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp is a sphinx extension which renders HTML help files"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_htmlhelp-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:166759820b47002d22914d64a075ce08f4c46818e17cfc9470a9786b759b19f8"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_htmlhelp-2.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c9e2916ace8aad64cc13a0d233ee22317f2b9025b9cf3295249fa985cc7082e9"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+lint = ["mypy", "ruff (==0.5.5)", "types-docutils"]
+standalone = ["Sphinx (>=5)"]
+test = ["html5lib", "pytest"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sphinxcontrib-jquery"
+version = "4.1"
+description = "Extension to include jQuery on newer Sphinx releases"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.7"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib-jquery-4.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1620739f04e36a2c779f1a131a2dfd49b2fd07351bf1968ced074365933abc7a"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_jquery-4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f936030d7d0147dd026a4f2b5a57343d233f1fc7b363f68b3d4f1cb0993878ae"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+Sphinx = ">=1.8"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sphinxcontrib-jsmath"
+version = "1.0.1"
+description = "A sphinx extension which renders display math in HTML via JavaScript"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.5"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib-jsmath-1.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a9925e4a4587247ed2191a22df5f6970656cb8ca2bd6284309578f2153e0c4b8"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_jsmath-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2ec2eaebfb78f3f2078e73666b1415417a116cc848b72e5172e596c871103178"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+test = ["flake8", "mypy", "pytest"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sphinxcontrib-qthelp"
+version = "2.0.0"
+description = "sphinxcontrib-qthelp is a sphinx extension which outputs QtHelp documents"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_qthelp-2.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b18a828cdba941ccd6ee8445dbe72ffa3ef8cbe7505d8cd1fa0d42d3f2d5f3eb"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_qthelp-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4fe7d0ac8fc171045be623aba3e2a8f613f8682731f9153bb2e40ece16b9bbab"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+lint = ["mypy", "ruff (==0.5.5)", "types-docutils"]
+standalone = ["Sphinx (>=5)"]
+test = ["defusedxml (>=0.7.1)", "pytest"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml"
+version = "2.0.0"
+description = "sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml is a sphinx extension which outputs \"serialized\" HTML files (json and pickle)"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_serializinghtml-2.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6e2cb0eef194e10c27ec0023bfeb25badbbb5868244cf5bc5bdc04e4464bf331"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_serializinghtml-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e9d912827f872c029017a53f0ef2180b327c3f7fd23c87229f7a8e8b70031d4d"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+lint = ["mypy", "ruff (==0.5.5)", "types-docutils"]
+standalone = ["Sphinx (>=5)"]
+test = ["pytest"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "superturtle"
+version = "1.0.0"
+description = "Extensions to Python's turtle"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "<4.0,>=3.10"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "superturtle-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1733848d58361c5ab9303ec34bb18d5bc80486921bf2c7355e74c450d28ccfe2"},
+    {file = "superturtle-1.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:08eed2f2b849ccfcbac0c3b9d306d322eacaa7dfcc3ca59bb0925de28d7c7269"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tomli"
+version = "2.2.1"
+description = "A lil' TOML parser"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["docs"]
+markers = "python_version == \"3.10\""
+files = [
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:678e4fa69e4575eb77d103de3df8a895e1591b48e740211bd1067378c69e8249"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:023aa114dd824ade0100497eb2318602af309e5a55595f76b626d6d9f3b7b0a6"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:ece47d672db52ac607a3d9599a9d48dcb2f2f735c6c2d1f34130085bb12b112a"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:6972ca9c9cc9f0acaa56a8ca1ff51e7af152a9f87fb64623e31d5c83700080ee"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:c954d2250168d28797dd4e3ac5cf812a406cd5a92674ee4c8f123c889786aa8e"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:8dd28b3e155b80f4d54beb40a441d366adcfe740969820caf156c019fb5c7ec4"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:e59e304978767a54663af13c07b3d1af22ddee3bb2fb0618ca1593e4f593a106"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:33580bccab0338d00994d7f16f4c4ec25b776af3ffaac1ed74e0b3fc95e885a8"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:465af0e0875402f1d226519c9904f37254b3045fc5084697cefb9bdde1ff99ff"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:2d0f2fdd22b02c6d81637a3c95f8cd77f995846af7414c5c4b8d0545afa1bc4b"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:4a8f6e44de52d5e6c657c9fe83b562f5f4256d8ebbfe4ff922c495620a7f6cea"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:8d57ca8095a641b8237d5b079147646153d22552f1c637fd3ba7f4b0b29167a8"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:4e340144ad7ae1533cb897d406382b4b6fede8890a03738ff1683af800d54192"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:db2b95f9de79181805df90bedc5a5ab4c165e6ec3fe99f970d0e302f384ad222"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:40741994320b232529c802f8bc86da4e1aa9f413db394617b9a256ae0f9a7f77"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:400e720fe168c0f8521520190686ef8ef033fb19fc493da09779e592861b78c6"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:02abe224de6ae62c19f090f68da4e27b10af2b93213d36cf44e6e1c5abd19fdd"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:b82ebccc8c8a36f2094e969560a1b836758481f3dc360ce9a3277c65f374285e"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:889f80ef92701b9dbb224e49ec87c645ce5df3fa2cc548664eb8a25e03127a98"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:7fc04e92e1d624a4a63c76474610238576942d6b8950a2d7f908a340494e67e4"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:f4039b9cbc3048b2416cc57ab3bda989a6fcf9b36cf8937f01a6e731b64f80d7"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:286f0ca2ffeeb5b9bd4fcc8d6c330534323ec51b2f52da063b11c502da16f30c"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:a92ef1a44547e894e2a17d24e7557a5e85a9e1d0048b0b5e7541f76c5032cb13"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:9316dc65bed1684c9a98ee68759ceaed29d229e985297003e494aa825ebb0281"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:e85e99945e688e32d5a35c1ff38ed0b3f41f43fad8df0bdf79f72b2ba7bc5272"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:ac065718db92ca818f8d6141b5f66369833d4a80a9d74435a268c52bdfa73140"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:d920f33822747519673ee656a4b6ac33e382eca9d331c87770faa3eef562aeb2"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:a198f10c4d1b1375d7687bc25294306e551bf1abfa4eace6650070a5c1ae2744"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:d3f5614314d758649ab2ab3a62d4f2004c825922f9e370b29416484086b264ec"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:a38aa0308e754b0e3c67e344754dff64999ff9b513e691d0e786265c93583c69"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:cb55c73c5f4408779d0cf3eef9f762b9c9f147a77de7b258bef0a5628adc85cc"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cd45e1dc79c835ce60f7404ec8119f2eb06d38b1deba146f07ced3bbc44505ff"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "urllib3"
+version = "2.5.0"
+description = "HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["docs"]
+files = [
+    {file = "urllib3-2.5.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e6b01673c0fa6a13e374b50871808eb3bf7046c4b125b216f6bf1cc604cff0dc"},
+    {file = "urllib3-2.5.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3fc47733c7e419d4bc3f6b3dc2b4f890bb743906a30d56ba4a5bfa4bbff92760"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+brotli = ["brotli (>=1.0.9) ; platform_python_implementation == \"CPython\"", "brotlicffi (>=0.8.0) ; platform_python_implementation != \"CPython\""]
+h2 = ["h2 (>=4,<5)"]
+socks = ["pysocks (>=1.5.6,!=1.5.7,<2.0)"]
+zstd = ["zstandard (>=0.18.0)"]
+
+[metadata]
+lock-version = "2.1"
+python-versions = ">=3.10, <4.0"
+content-hash = "70d020085a9a77e7d0f9de4894a5f14f00fa56005a6751a2d977e82dfc744f12"

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[project]
+name = "problemset-geometry"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = ""
+authors = [
+    {name = "Chris Proctor",email = "chris@chrisproctor.net"}
+]
+license = {text = "MIT"}
+requires-python = ">=3.10, <4.0"
+dependencies = [
+    "superturtle (>=1.0.0,<2.0.0)"
+]
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0.0,<3.0.0"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
+
+[tool.poetry]
+packages = [
+    {include = "geometry"}
+]
+
+[tool.poetry.group.docs]
+optional = true
+
+[tool.poetry.group.docs.dependencies]
+sphinx = "^7.3.7"
+sphinx-rtd-theme = "^2.0.0"

sim_billiards.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from turtle import *
+from math import sqrt
+from geometry.validation import expect_type
+from geometry.point import Point
+from geometry.vector import Vector
+from simulation import Simulation
+from simulation.ball import Ball
+
+def get_ball_positions(origin, spacing, columns=5):
+    """Returns a list of Points in a triangle, growing to the right of position.
+    spacing is the distance between each point,
+    columns is the number of columns in the triangle, and
+    jiggle is the amount of randomness to add to each ball's position.
+    """
+    expect_type(origin, Point)
+    positions = []
+    col_spacing = spacing * sqrt(3) / 2
+    for col in range(columns):
+        offset_x = col_spacing * col
+        for row in range(col + 1):
+            offset_y = spacing * (row - col / 2)
+            offset = Vector((offset_x, offset_y))
+            positions.append(origin + offset)
+    return positions
+
+r = 10
+positions = get_ball_positions(Point((100, 0)), 2 * r + 2)
+rack = [Ball(p, radius=r, color="red") for p in positions]
+cue_ball = Ball(
+    Point((-250, 0)), 
+    radius=r, 
+    velocity=Vector((9, 0)), 
+    mass=1,
+    color="white"
+)
+
+sim = Simulation(rack + [cue_ball], e=1, boundary=250)
+sim.run(1000)

sim_solar_system.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# A simulation of a solar system, with a sun and three planets.
+# Gravity is the only force acting on the system.
+
+from simulation import Simulation
+from simulation.ball import Ball
+from geometry.point import Point
+from geometry.vector import Vector
+
+sun = Ball(Point(), mass=100000, radius=20, color="yellow")
+a = Ball(Point((100, 0)), velocity=Vector((0, 14)), mass=1, radius=10, color="blue")
+b = Ball(Point((-80, 0)), velocity=Vector((0, -14)), mass=1, radius=10, color="red")
+c = Ball(Point((0, 200)), velocity=Vector((-5, 0)), mass=2, radius=10, color="green")
+
+sim = Simulation([sun, a, b, c], g=0.2)
+sim.run(1000)

simulation/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+from itertools import combinations
+from superturtle.movement import fly, no_delay
+from superturtle.animation import animate
+from simulation.gravity import get_gravity_force
+from simulation.collision import collide2d
+from simulation.drawing import draw_boundary
+
+class Simulation:
+    def __init__(self, objects, g=None, e=None, boundary=None):
+        self.objects = objects
+        self.g = g
+        self.e = e
+        self.boundary = boundary
+        self.collisions = set()
+
+    def run(self, *args):
+        for frame in animate(*args):
+            for a, b in combinations(self.objects, 2):
+                if self.g is not None:
+                    force = get_gravity_force(a, b, self.g)
+                    a.acceleration += force / a.mass
+                    b.acceleration -= force / b.mass
+                if self.e is not None:
+                    if a.collided_with(b):
+                        self.collide(a, b)
+                    else:
+                        self.clear_collision(a, b)
+            for obj in self.objects:
+                if self.boundary:
+                    draw_boundary(self.boundary)
+                    self.bounce_object_if_outside_boundary(obj)
+                obj.update()
+                fly(obj.position.x, obj.position.y)
+                obj.draw()
+
+    def collide(self, a, b):
+        if not self.currently_colliding(a, b):
+            self.collisions.add((a, b))
+            av, bv = collide2d(a, b, self.e)
+            a.velocity = av
+            b.velocity = bv
+
+    def currently_colliding(self, a, b):
+        return (a, b) in self.collisions or (b, a) in self.collisions
+
+    def clear_collision(self, a, b):
+        if (a, b) in self.collisions:
+            self.collisions.remove((a, b))
+        if (b, a) in self.collisions:
+            self.collisions.remove((b, a))
+
+    def bounce_object_if_outside_boundary(self, obj):
+        if obj.position.x + obj.radius > self.boundary:
+            obj.velocity.x = -abs(obj.velocity.x)
+        if obj.position.x - obj.radius < -self.boundary:
+            obj.velocity.x = abs(obj.velocity.x)
+        if obj.position.y + obj.radius > self.boundary:
+            obj.velocity.y = -abs(obj.velocity.y)
+        if obj.position.y - obj.radius < -self.boundary:
+            obj.velocity.y = abs(obj.velocity.y)

simulation/ball.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from geometry.point import Point
+from geometry.vector import Vector
+from geometry.validation import expect_type
+from simulation.drawing import centered_circle
+from turtle import begin_fill, end_fill, fillcolor
+
+class Ball:
+    def __init__(self, position, velocity=None, mass=1, radius=20, color="black"):
+        expect_type(position, Point)
+        self.position = position
+        self.velocity = velocity or Vector()
+        expect_type(self.velocity, Vector)
+        self.acceleration = Vector()
+        self.radius = radius
+        self.mass = mass
+        self.color = color
+
+    def update(self):
+        """Update the ball's position and velocity at this moment. 
+        
+        """
+        self.velocity += self.acceleration
+        self.position += self.velocity
+        self.acceleration = Vector()
+
+    def collided_with(self, other_ball):
+        """Checks whether this ball collided with another ball.
+        """
+        return (self.position - other_ball.position).mag() <= self.radius + other_ball.radius
+
+    def draw(self):
+        "Draws a colored ball."
+        fillcolor(self.color)
+        begin_fill()
+        centered_circle(self.radius)
+        end_fill()
+

simulation/collision.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+def collide2d(a, b, e):
+    """Returns the velocities of balls a and b after collision. 
+
+    e is the *coefficient of restitution*, a parameter between 0 and 1 
+    which determines how much the objects bounce off each other. 
+    When e is 0, the two objects completely stick together. 
+    When e is 1, the two objects bounce off each other completely. 
+
+    This is a 2-dimensional collision because a and b each have a 2d 
+    velocity vector, like two balls moving on a plane. We can separate
+    each velocity vector into two components: a normal vector (pointed 
+    straight at the other ball) and a tangent vector (perpendicular to
+    the normal). The tangent vectors don't participate in the collision
+    at all, so we just need to calculate how the normal vectors change
+    after the collision. This is easier, since it's a 1-dimensional 
+    collision.
+
+    Afterwards we combine the updated normal vector with the tangent 
+    vector to get the resulting velocity vector for each ball.
+    """
+    a_to_b = b.position - a.position
+    av_normal = a.velocity.project(a_to_b)
+    av_tangent = a.velocity - av_normal
+    bv_normal = b.velocity.project(-a_to_b)
+    bv_tangent = b.velocity - bv_normal
+    av_normal_after, bv_normal_after = collide1d(av_normal, a.mass, bv_normal, b.mass, e)
+    av_after = av_normal_after + av_tangent
+    bv_after = bv_normal_after + bv_tangent
+    return av_after, bv_after
+
+def collide1d(av, am, bv, bm, e):
+    """Returns the velicoties of a and b after a 1-dimensional collision, 
+    where a and b are headed directly at each other. This formula is from Wikipedia: 
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_collision#One-dimensional_Newtonian
+    """
+    velocity_center_of_mass = (av * am + bv * bm) / (am + bm)
+    av_after = velocity_center_of_mass * (1 + e) - av * e
+    bv_after = velocity_center_of_mass * (1 + e) - bv * e
+    return av_after, bv_after

simulation/drawing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from turtle import *
+
+def centered_circle(radius):
+    """Draws a circle, centered on the turtle's current position.
+    The built-in circle function annoyingly draws a circle whose center
+    is one radius left of the turtle.
+    """
+    right(90)
+    penup()
+    forward(radius)
+    pendown()
+    left(90)
+    circle(radius)
+    left(90)
+    penup()
+    forward(radius)
+    pendown()
+    right(90)
+
+def draw_boundary(distance):
+    """Draws the boundary, a square `distance` from the origin on each side.
+    """
+    penup()
+    goto(-distance, -distance)
+    pendown()
+    goto(distance, -distance)
+    goto(distance, distance)
+    goto(-distance, distance)
+    goto(-distance, -distance)
+
+

simulation/gravity.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+def get_gravity_force(a, b, g):
+    """Gravity is a force of attraction between objects. 
+    The attraction between two objects is equal to their masses
+    multipled together, divided by the square of the distance between them, 
+    times a constant g. This is the real-life definition of gravity. 
+    """
+    a_to_b = b.position - a.position
+    distance = a_to_b.mag()
+    force = a_to_b.scale(g * a.mass * b.mass / (distance * distance))
+    return force
+    a.acceleration += force
+    b.acceleration -= force

tests/test_point.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+from unittest import TestCase
+from geometry.point import Point
+from geometry.vector import Vector
+
+class TestPoint(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.origin = Point((0, 0))
+        self.a = Point((4, 0))
+        self.b = Point((0, 3))
+        self.c = Point((5, 2))
+        self.v = Vector((1, 2))
+
+    def test_init_with_none(self):
+        origin = Point()
+        self.assertEqual(origin.x, 0)
+
+    def test_init_with_pair(self):
+        p = Point((4, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(p.x, 4)
+
+    def test_init_with_vector(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.a, Point(Vector(self.a)))
+
+    def test_string_representation(self):
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.a), "(4, 0)")
+
+    def test_equality(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.a, self.a)
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.a, self.b)
+
+    def test_addition_with_vector(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.a + self.v, self.c)
+
+    def test_addition_with_invalid_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.a + self.a
+
+    def test_subtraction_with_point(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.c - self.a, self.v)
+
+    def test_subtraction_with_vector(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.c - self.v, self.a)
+
+    def test_subtraction_with_invalid_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.a - 4
+        
+

tests/test_vector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from unittest import TestCase
+from geometry.vector import Vector
+from geometry.point import Point
+
+class TestVector(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.zero = Vector()
+        self.unit_x = Vector((1, 0))
+        self.unit_y = Vector((0, 1))
+        self.origin = Point()
+
+    def test_init_with_none(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.zero.x, 0)
+
+    def test_init_with_pair(self):
+        v = Vector((4, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(v.x, 4)
+
+    def test_init_with_point(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.unit_x, Vector(Point(self.unit_x)))
+
+    def test_string_representation(self):
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.unit_x), "〈1, 0〉")
+
+    def test_equality(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.unit_x, self.unit_x)
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.unit_x, self.unit_y)
+
+    def test_negation(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.zero, -self.zero)
+        self.assertEqual(-self.unit_x, Vector((-1, 0)))
+
+    def test_addition_with_vector(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.unit_x + self.unit_y, Vector((1, 1)))
+
+    def test_addition_with_point(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.unit_x + Point((3, 4)), Point((4, 4)))
+
+    def test_addition_with_invalid_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.unit_x + 2
+
+    def test_subtraction_with_vector(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Vector((2, 0)) - self.unit_x, self.unit_x)
+
+    def test_subtraction_with_invalid_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.unit_x - 4
+
+    def test_multiplication_with_numeric(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.unit_x + self.unit_x, self.unit_x * 2)
+        
+    def test_multiplication_with_invalid_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.unit_x * self.unit_x
+
+    def test_division(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.unit_x, Vector((2, 0)) / 2)
+
+    def test_division_with_zero(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            self.unit_x / 0
+
+    def test_division_with_invalid_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.unit_x / self.unit_x
+
+    def test_truthiness(self):
+        self.assertTrue(self.unit_x)
+        self.assertFalse(self.zero)
+
+    def test_magnitude(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.zero.mag(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.unit_x.mag(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Vector((3, 4)).mag(), 5)
+
+    def test_normalize(self):
+        self.assertEqual((self.unit_x * 2).normalize(), self.unit_x)
+
+    def test_normalize_with_zero_vector(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.zero.normalize()
+
+    def test_is_collinear(self):
+        self.assertTrue(self.unit_x.is_collinear(self.unit_x * -4))
+        self.assertFalse(self.unit_x.is_collinear(self.unit_y))
+
+    def test_is_collinear_with_zero_vector(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.unit_x.is_collinear(self.zero))
+        self.assertFalse(self.zero.is_collinear(self.zero))
+
+    def test_division_with_invalid_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.unit_x.is_collinear(4)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+