generated from mwc/project_game
c8d1ddd58f
Started developing a retro version of Tetris, following the planning on the board of the classroom (see planning.jpg). Moved cursor work into cursor.
452 lines
17 KiB
Python
452 lines
17 KiB
Python
# Import libraries for random piece selection, terminal graphics, and timing
|
||
import random
|
||
import curses
|
||
import time
|
||
|
||
# Board dimensions: 10 columns wide, 20 rows tall (standard Tetris size)
|
||
W, H = 10, 20
|
||
|
||
# Terminal layout: Scale up cells for bigger blocks
|
||
# CELL_W: number of characters wide per block (4 = wider blocks)
|
||
# CELL_H: number of rows tall per block (2 = taller blocks)
|
||
CELL_W = 4
|
||
CELL_H = 2
|
||
|
||
# Function to calculate centered positioning in the terminal
|
||
# This reads the terminal size and returns padding values to center the game board
|
||
def get_centered_offsets(stdscr):
|
||
"""Calculate PAD_X and PAD_Y to center the game board in the terminal."""
|
||
# Get terminal dimensions (max_y = height, max_x = width)
|
||
max_y, max_x = stdscr.getmaxyx()
|
||
# Calculate board dimensions in characters: width and height with borders
|
||
board_width = W * CELL_W + 2
|
||
board_height = H * CELL_H + 2
|
||
# Total width includes board + side panel (score, next piece preview)
|
||
total_width = board_width + 6 + 20
|
||
# Center horizontally and vertically: divide remaining space by 2
|
||
pad_x = max(1, (max_x - total_width) // 2)
|
||
pad_y = max(1, (max_y - board_height) // 2)
|
||
return pad_x, pad_y
|
||
|
||
# Default padding values (will be overridden by get_centered_offsets in main_curses)
|
||
# PAD_X: left padding (columns from terminal edge to board edge)
|
||
# PAD_Y: top padding (rows from terminal top to board edge)
|
||
# SIDE_X: column position of the side panel (score, next block)
|
||
PAD_X = 2
|
||
PAD_Y = 1
|
||
SIDE_X = PAD_X + W * CELL_W + 6
|
||
|
||
# 2D game board: 20 rows (height) × 10 columns (width)
|
||
# Each cell is either None (empty) or a color string (filled with a block)
|
||
board = [[None] * W for _ in range(H)]
|
||
|
||
# Function to draw the game board on screen
|
||
def draw_board_curses(win):
|
||
# Draw the left and right borders (| characters)
|
||
for y in range(H + 2):
|
||
win.addstr(PAD_Y + y, PAD_X - 1, '|')
|
||
win.addstr(PAD_Y + y, PAD_X + W * 2, '|')
|
||
# Draw border that spans exactly from the top corner to the bottom corner
|
||
top_row = PAD_Y - 1
|
||
bottom_row = PAD_Y + H * CELL_H
|
||
left_col = PAD_X - 1
|
||
right_col = PAD_X + W * CELL_W
|
||
# Draw vertical borders from top_row to bottom_row (inclusive)
|
||
for row in range(top_row, bottom_row + 1):
|
||
win.addstr(row, left_col, '|')
|
||
win.addstr(row, right_col, '|')
|
||
# Draw top and bottom border lines
|
||
top = '+' + '-' * (W * CELL_W) + '+'
|
||
win.addstr(top_row, left_col, top)
|
||
win.addstr(bottom_row, left_col, top)
|
||
# Draw each cell on the board (filled cells are shown as ██, empty as spaces)
|
||
for i, row in enumerate(board[::-1]): # board[::-1] reverses rows so row 0 (bottom) is at bottom
|
||
for h in range(CELL_H): # CELL_H is the height in rows each block takes
|
||
screen_row = PAD_Y + 1 + i * CELL_H + h
|
||
for j, color in enumerate(row):
|
||
# Empty cell: spaces; filled cell: solid blocks (██)
|
||
ch = ' ' * CELL_W
|
||
attr = curses.color_pair(0)
|
||
if color:
|
||
ch = '█' * CELL_W
|
||
attr = curses.color_pair(2)
|
||
win.addstr(screen_row, PAD_X + j * CELL_W, ch, attr)
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function to find rows that are completely filled (ready to be cleared)
|
||
# Yields (returns) each full row one at a time
|
||
def find_completed_rows():
|
||
for row in board:
|
||
# Check if all cells in the row have a color (no None values)
|
||
if all(row):
|
||
yield row
|
||
|
||
# Define all 7 Tetris piece shapes (I, O, T, S, Z, J, L)
|
||
# Each shape is stored as a list of (x, y) offsets from the piece's center
|
||
BLOCKS = [[] for _ in range(7)]
|
||
# Parse ASCII template: each 'o' represents a block, positions calculated from the string
|
||
for i, line in enumerate('''
|
||
oo o o oo oo o
|
||
oooo oo ooo ooo oo oo ooo'''.split('\n')):
|
||
for j, char in enumerate(line):
|
||
if char == 'o':
|
||
# Store block position relative to piece center
|
||
BLOCKS[j // 5].append((j%5 - 1, -i + 2))
|
||
|
||
# Function to draw a tetromino (falling block) on screen
|
||
# Can draw on the main board or in the side panel (preview area)
|
||
def draw_block_curses(win, block, x0, y0, use_board=True, draw_x=None, draw_y=None):
|
||
"""Draw a block either on the main board (use_board=True) or in a side area.
|
||
|
||
For board drawing, x0,y0 are board coordinates. For side drawing, set
|
||
use_board=False and provide draw_x, draw_y as screen coordinates (columns, rows).
|
||
"""
|
||
# Iterate through each block cell in the tetromino
|
||
for dx, dy in block:
|
||
# Calculate actual position by adding offsets to base position
|
||
x, y = x0 + dx, y0 + dy
|
||
if use_board:
|
||
# Draw on main game board
|
||
if 0 <= x < W and 0 <= y < H:
|
||
# Convert board coordinates to screen coordinates
|
||
# (accounting for CELL_W and CELL_H scaling)
|
||
screen_row_base = PAD_Y + 1 + (H - 1 - y) * CELL_H
|
||
screen_col = PAD_X + x * CELL_W
|
||
# Draw the block with height CELL_H (fill multiple rows)
|
||
for hh in range(CELL_H):
|
||
win.addstr(screen_row_base + hh, screen_col, '█' * CELL_W, curses.color_pair(2))
|
||
else:
|
||
# Draw in side panel (for next-piece preview)
|
||
if draw_x is None or draw_y is None:
|
||
continue
|
||
# Calculate side panel position using scaled cell dimensions
|
||
sx = draw_x + x * CELL_W
|
||
sy = draw_y + (y * CELL_H)
|
||
try:
|
||
# Draw block with CELL_H rows
|
||
for hh in range(CELL_H):
|
||
win.addstr(sy + hh, sx, '█' * CELL_W, curses.color_pair(2))
|
||
except Exception:
|
||
pass
|
||
|
||
# Function to check if a piece can be placed at a given position
|
||
# Returns True if the position is valid (no collisions), False otherwise
|
||
def can_place_block_clipped(block, x0, y0):
|
||
# Check each cell of the piece
|
||
for dx, dy in block:
|
||
# Calculate actual position
|
||
x, y = x0 + dx, y0 + dy
|
||
# Check if position is out of bounds or collides with existing blocks
|
||
if not (0 <= x < W and 0 <= y) or (y < H and board[y][x]):
|
||
return False
|
||
return True
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function to lock a piece permanently onto the board
|
||
# Marks each cell of the piece as filled
|
||
def place_block(block, x0, y0):
|
||
# Assume placement is complete initially
|
||
complete = True
|
||
# Place each block cell on the board
|
||
for dx, dy in block:
|
||
x, y = x0 + dx, y0 + dy
|
||
# Only place if within board bounds (x and y must be valid)
|
||
if 0 <= x < W and 0 <= y < H:
|
||
board[y][x] = 'blue' # Mark cell as filled with color 'blue'
|
||
else:
|
||
# If any part extends outside, placement is incomplete (game over)
|
||
complete = False
|
||
return complete
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Game state variables
|
||
# score: player's current score
|
||
score = 0
|
||
# t: game tick counter (increments each game loop iteration)
|
||
t = 0
|
||
# falling_period: how many ticks before a piece falls one row (decreases with level)
|
||
falling_period = 0
|
||
# state: current game state ('normal' = playing, 'game_over' = lost)
|
||
state = 'normal'
|
||
# block: currently falling piece (list of offsets), next_block: preview of next piece
|
||
block = next_block = None
|
||
# x, y: current position of the falling piece (x=column, y=row)
|
||
x, y = 0, 0
|
||
# falling_generator: iterator that controls piece falling animation
|
||
falling_generator = None
|
||
# deleting_rows_generator: iterator that controls line-clear animation
|
||
deleting_rows_generator = None
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function to move the current falling piece left, right, or down
|
||
# dx: horizontal direction (-1=left, +1=right), dy: vertical direction (-1=down)
|
||
def move_block(dx, dy):
|
||
global x, y
|
||
# Calculate new position
|
||
new_x, new_y = x + dx, y + dy
|
||
# Check if new position is valid (no collisions)
|
||
possible = can_place_block_clipped(block, new_x, new_y)
|
||
# If valid, update piece position
|
||
if possible:
|
||
x, y = new_x, new_y
|
||
return possible
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function to rotate the current falling piece 90 degrees clockwise
|
||
# Rotation formula: (x, y) becomes (-y, x)
|
||
def rotate_block():
|
||
global block
|
||
# Calculate rotated positions
|
||
new_block = [(-y, x) for x, y in block]
|
||
# Check if rotated position is valid (no collisions)
|
||
possible = can_place_block_clipped(new_block, x, y)
|
||
# If valid, update piece with rotated version
|
||
if possible:
|
||
block = new_block
|
||
return possible
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function to spawn the next piece and start it falling
|
||
# Also calculates falling speed based on level (score)
|
||
def reset_block():
|
||
global falling_period, block, next_block, x, y, state
|
||
# Calculate falling period (how many ticks before piece falls): decreases with level
|
||
# Higher t (more time) = higher level = faster falling
|
||
falling_period = [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4][min(t // 100, 6)]
|
||
# Swap pieces: current next_block becomes new block, pick random next
|
||
new_block = None
|
||
while not new_block:
|
||
new_block, next_block = next_block, BLOCKS[random.randrange(7)]
|
||
# Spawn at center-top of board
|
||
x, y = W // 2, H - 1
|
||
# Check for game over: if new piece collides immediately, game is over
|
||
if not can_place_block_clipped(new_block, x, y):
|
||
state = 'game_over'
|
||
return
|
||
# Set active piece and start falling animation
|
||
block = new_block
|
||
begin_falling(falling_period)
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function to create a falling animation generator for a piece
|
||
# The piece falls one row every 'period' ticks until it hits bottom
|
||
def begin_falling(period):
|
||
global falling_generator
|
||
def fall():
|
||
global falling_generator
|
||
# Main falling loop
|
||
while True:
|
||
# Wait 'period' ticks before falling next row
|
||
for t in range(period):
|
||
yield # Pause here and resume on next tick
|
||
# Try to move piece down one row
|
||
if not move_block(0, -1):
|
||
# Piece can't move down, so it has landed
|
||
break
|
||
# When piece lands, clear the falling generator and lock piece
|
||
falling_generator = None
|
||
place_block_and_begin_deleting()
|
||
yield
|
||
# Create and start the generator
|
||
falling_generator = fall()
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function to lock the current falling piece onto the board permanently
|
||
# Then start checking for completed rows to clear
|
||
def place_block_and_begin_deleting():
|
||
global block, state
|
||
# Save the current piece before clearing it
|
||
old_block = block
|
||
block = None # Clear active piece
|
||
# Place the piece on the board
|
||
if not place_block(old_block, x, y):
|
||
# If placement failed (piece extended above board), game over
|
||
state = 'game_over'
|
||
return
|
||
# Start animation for clearing completed rows
|
||
begin_deleting_rows()
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function to animate and process line clears
|
||
# Completed rows flash and then disappear, with remaining blocks dropping down
|
||
def begin_deleting_rows():
|
||
global deleting_rows_generator
|
||
# Check if any rows are completed
|
||
if any(find_completed_rows()):
|
||
# Animation duration based on falling period (faster at higher levels)
|
||
duration = falling_period
|
||
def delete():
|
||
global deleting_rows_generator, score
|
||
# Animate the row clearing (flash between red and blue)
|
||
for t in range(duration):
|
||
if t in (0, duration // 2):
|
||
# Change color of completed rows (red or blue)
|
||
color = ('red', 'blue')[t // (duration//2)]
|
||
for row in find_completed_rows():
|
||
row[:] = [color] * W
|
||
yield # Pause to show animation
|
||
# After animation, remove completed rows
|
||
incomplete_rows = [row for row in board if not all(row)]
|
||
n_deleted = H - len(incomplete_rows)
|
||
# Shift remaining rows down and fill with empty rows
|
||
board[:] = incomplete_rows + [[None] * W for _ in range(n_deleted)]
|
||
# Award points: (number of rows cleared)^2 × 100
|
||
score += (n_deleted**2) * 100
|
||
# Spawn next piece
|
||
reset_block()
|
||
deleting_rows_generator = None
|
||
yield
|
||
# Create and start the generator
|
||
deleting_rows_generator = delete()
|
||
else:
|
||
# No completed rows, just spawn next piece immediately
|
||
reset_block()
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function called once per game tick (100ms)
|
||
# Advances animations (falling piece, line clears) and increments the time counter
|
||
def update_stage():
|
||
global t
|
||
# Advance the falling animation generator (piece drops)
|
||
if block and falling_generator:
|
||
next(falling_generator)
|
||
# Advance the line-clear animation generator
|
||
if deleting_rows_generator:
|
||
next(deleting_rows_generator)
|
||
# Increment tick counter (used for level calculation)
|
||
t += 1
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Function to render (draw) the current game state on the terminal screen
|
||
def render_stage_curses(win):
|
||
# Clear the screen
|
||
win.erase()
|
||
# Draw the main game board with borders and filled cells
|
||
draw_board_curses(win)
|
||
# Display score in the side panel
|
||
win.addstr(PAD_Y, SIDE_X, f'SCORE: {score}')
|
||
# Display "NEXT:" label
|
||
win.addstr(PAD_Y + 2, SIDE_X, 'NEXT:')
|
||
# Draw the next piece preview in the side panel
|
||
if next_block:
|
||
# Normalize block coordinates so preview fits in a compact box
|
||
minx = min(dx for dx, dy in next_block)
|
||
miny = min(dy for dx, dy in next_block)
|
||
# Position preview below the NEXT label
|
||
preview_x = SIDE_X
|
||
preview_y = PAD_Y + 6
|
||
draw_block_curses(win, next_block, -minx, -miny, use_board=False, draw_x=preview_x, draw_y=preview_y)
|
||
# Draw the currently falling piece on the main board
|
||
if block:
|
||
draw_block_curses(win, block, x, y)
|
||
# Display GAME OVER message if the game has ended
|
||
if state == 'game_over':
|
||
win.addstr(PAD_Y + H//2, PAD_X + W - 4, 'GAME OVER', curses.color_pair(1))
|
||
# Update the screen display
|
||
win.refresh()
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Input handler: move piece left
|
||
# Called when 'a' or left arrow is pressed
|
||
def on_key_left():
|
||
if block:
|
||
move_block(-1, 0)
|
||
|
||
# Input handler: move piece right
|
||
# Called when 'd' or right arrow is pressed
|
||
def on_key_right():
|
||
if block:
|
||
move_block(1, 0)
|
||
|
||
# Input handler: soft drop (or lock piece if already at bottom)
|
||
# Called when 's' or down arrow is pressed
|
||
def on_key_down():
|
||
if block:
|
||
if not move_block(0, -1):
|
||
place_block_and_begin_deleting()
|
||
|
||
# Input handler: hard drop (instant fall to bottom)
|
||
# Called when spacebar is pressed
|
||
def on_key_space():
|
||
if block:
|
||
begin_falling(period=0) # period=0 means fall instantly
|
||
|
||
# Input handler: rotate piece 90 degrees
|
||
# Called when 'w' or up arrow is pressed
|
||
def on_key_up():
|
||
if block:
|
||
rotate_block()
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Main game function - runs the curses terminal game loop
|
||
def main_curses(stdscr):
|
||
# Declare globals so we can modify them in this function
|
||
global PAD_X, PAD_Y, SIDE_X
|
||
|
||
# Curses initialization
|
||
curses.curs_set(0) # Hide the cursor
|
||
stdscr.nodelay(True) # Non-blocking input (don't wait for keypresses)
|
||
stdscr.keypad(True) # Enable special keys (arrow keys, etc.)
|
||
curses.start_color() # Enable color support
|
||
curses.use_default_colors() # Use terminal's default colors
|
||
# Define color pairs: (ID, foreground color, background color)
|
||
curses.init_pair(1, curses.COLOR_RED, -1) # Red for GAME OVER text
|
||
curses.init_pair(2, curses.COLOR_BLUE, -1) # Blue for game blocks
|
||
|
||
# Calculate centered board position based on terminal size
|
||
PAD_X, PAD_Y = get_centered_offsets(stdscr)
|
||
SIDE_X = PAD_X + W * CELL_W + 6
|
||
|
||
# Initialize the game: spawn first piece
|
||
reset_block()
|
||
# Game tick rate: 100ms (0.1 seconds) between game updates
|
||
tick = 0.1
|
||
# Track time for tick timing
|
||
last = time.time()
|
||
|
||
# Main game loop
|
||
while True:
|
||
# Get current time
|
||
now = time.time()
|
||
# If enough time has passed, do a game update
|
||
if now - last >= tick:
|
||
# Advance game state (gravity, animations, etc.)
|
||
update_stage()
|
||
# Redraw the screen with updated state
|
||
render_stage_curses(stdscr)
|
||
# Reset timer for next tick
|
||
last = now
|
||
|
||
# Check for keyboard input (non-blocking)
|
||
try:
|
||
ch = stdscr.getch()
|
||
except Exception:
|
||
ch = -1
|
||
|
||
# Process keyboard input
|
||
if ch != -1:
|
||
# Quit game
|
||
if ch in (ord('q'), ord('Q')):
|
||
break
|
||
# Move left
|
||
elif ch in (curses.KEY_LEFT, ord('a')):
|
||
on_key_left()
|
||
# Move right
|
||
elif ch in (curses.KEY_RIGHT, ord('d')):
|
||
on_key_right()
|
||
# Soft drop
|
||
elif ch in (curses.KEY_DOWN, ord('s')):
|
||
on_key_down()
|
||
# Rotate
|
||
elif ch in (curses.KEY_UP, ord('w')):
|
||
on_key_up()
|
||
# Hard drop
|
||
elif ch == ord(' '):
|
||
on_key_space()
|
||
|
||
# Small sleep to avoid consuming 100% CPU
|
||
time.sleep(0.001)
|
||
|
||
# Entry point: run the game using curses wrapper (handles cleanup automatically)
|
||
if __name__ == '__main__': |