diff --git a/transform.py b/transform.py
index fee06f6..ce93916 100644
--- a/transform.py
+++ b/transform.py
@@ -24,33 +24,53 @@ def minimum(data):
             lowest = number
     return lowest
 
-
 def bounds(data):
     "Returns a list of the smallest and largest numbers in data"
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    lowest = minimum(data)
+    highest = maximum(data)
+    boundary = [minimum, maximum]
+    return boundary
 
 def clamp(value, low, high):
     """Clamps a value to a range from low to high. 
     Returns value if it is between low and high.
     If value is lower than low, returns low. If value is higher than high, returns high.
     """
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    if value < low:
+        return low
+    elif value > high:
+        return high
+    else:
+        return value
 
 def ratio(value, start, end):
     """Returns a number from 0.0 to 1.0, representing how far along value is from start to end.
     The return value is clamped to [0, 1], so even if value is lower than start, the return 
     value will not be lower than 0.0.
     """
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    numerator = value - start
+    denominator = end - start
+    ratio = numerator / denominator
+    final_ratio = clamp(ratio, 0.0, 1.0)
+    return final_ratio
 
 def scale(value, domain_min, domain_max, range_min, range_max):
     "Given a value within a domain, returns the scaled equivalent within range."
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    ratio_d = ratio(value, domain_min, domain_max)
+    ratio_r = ratio(value, range_min, range_max)
 
 def get_x_values(points):
     "Returns the first value for each point in points."
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    x_list = []
+    for i in points:
+        x_value = i[0]
+        x_list.append(x_value)
+    return x_list
 
 def get_y_values(points):
     "Returns the second value for each point in points."
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    y_list = []
+    for i in points:
+        y_value = i[0]
+        y_list.append(y_value)
+    return y_list